Element under Review: Tungsten (W)

Shiny, steel-gray metal.

Density: 19.25 g/cm³.

It was discovered by the Spanish brothers Juan José and Fausto Elhuyar in 1783. It is called Wolfram in many European languages, which is the reason for the symbol W. Wolfram means "filth of the wolves" in old German because its presence in minerals interferes with the production of tin: it "eats" tin like a wolf. The name "tungsten" comes from the Swedish tungsten, heavy stone.

Of all the elements, it has the highest known melting point (5700°C), the highest tensile strength, the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and the lowest vapor pressure. It is also extremely ductile. In fact, one gram can be extended to a wire 400 meters long. These properties make it suitable for the filaments of light bulbs. These filaments are also used for wrapping around the strings of musical instruments.

Archaea are the oldest living beings on earth. They require substances different from oxygen, such as sulfur or ammonia, and high temperatures, namely up to 110°C to live. Today they live in volcanic fractures on the ocean floor, as well as in sulfurous water or oil sources coming from great depths and having high temperatures. Archaea fossils are up to 2.7 billion years old – half the age of the Earth. In biology, one speaks of three domains: bacteria, eukaryotes (plants, animals, protozoa and fungi) and archaea. In order to operate under the extreme conditions of their habitats, archaea have enzymes containing tungsten.

Assigned Poem

Archaea:
living memory of hell,
of luminous,
solidifying Earth,
detached
from the sun.
Memory surviving
in torrid sulfur,
boiling oil,
volcanoes under water.
Surviving with its backbone
of Tungsten.

This is the metal we see
in the threads
of glowing bulbs,
again defying heat:
Tamed hell,
trillions of pieces of sun,
luminous and mild,
scattered
all over
Earth.